Sunday, January 26, 2020
High Performance Working
High Performance Working Executive Summary         Change is always a challenge as well as an opportunity. Todays Human resource managers face great challenge to accustom with the changing business and workplace contexts and thus they try to convert their organizations in to High Performance Working systems with the right combination of people, process, technology and organizational structure.         The High Performance Working has recently gained growing attention from the Human Resource managers and organizations. Becoming a high performance working organization is considered to be a difficult task because all the relevant and necessary elements must fit with others so that the system can function smoothly. The High Performance working system is a corrective measure because many other tools and measures of management like just-in-time manufacturing, customizing, total quality management and flexible manufacturing technology can be better functioned only when there people who fit the specific requirements. No process can work out when right people are no there. High Performance Working system looks not only at technology or process, but it seeks to find talented and qualified people who can meet the specific requirements. Organizations with High Performance Working have been found to be successful as they have experienced increase in productivity and very static long term profitability. This research work identifies IBM as an organization that has effectively used Organizational learning as a method to become High Performance Working organization. This piece of research work examines the fundamental principles and theories of High Performance working and it analyses how an effective high performance working can help an organization achieve its goals. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of various elements of High Performance working and it draws an example from IBM which has brought tremendous changes in its business with the help Organizational Learning. Introduction         When compared with momentous changes that occurred over the recent years in technology, lifestyles, workplace environment and business contexts, the Human Resource Management seems to have accustomed with the changes and it has evolved major developments by implementing various strategies and methods that help organizations face the challenges and achieve its goals. The changes in the technology and in the business contexts cause changes in the workplace. High Performance Working is thus a new interdisciplinary model of Human Resource Management that comprises of people, technology, and process.         Noe, Hollenbeck and Gerhert (2003) stated that Human Resource Management has been playing its vital role helping organizations gain the competitive advantages over their competitors by becoming high performance working organization.         This report analyses the features and underlying principles of high performance working and it examines the impacts of high performance working on the levels of management systems within IBM which has recently achieved high performance working with help of organizational learning. This research work presents an in-depth analysis of high performance working and its advantages to the organization in which it is implemented. High Performance Working         Pfeffer (1994) argued that the success in dynamic and highly competitive market environment depends less on advantages associated with economies of scale, technology, patent, access to capital, but, it depends more on innovation, speed and adaptability. Pfeffer (1994) argued that innovation, speed and adaptability are derived from the employees within an organization and from the way they are managed. Organizations seek to adapt to the changes by adopting a number of managerial practices that are called high performance or high involvement human resource system (Guthrie, Flood and Liu, 2009).         Dessler and Varkkey (2009) argued that research evidences show that the best-performing companies in a wide range of industries perform well because of their high performance working. High performance working is an integrated set of human resource management practices and tools that together produce superior employee performance. Many qualitative and quantitative researches have proved that high performance working is directly influencing the overall performance of the employees by increasing their productivity. The specific objective of this system is to attain superior employee performance.         According to Noe, Hollenbeck and Gerhert (2003), high performance working is a system in which an organization has best possible fit between their social system (people and their interaction) and technical system (equipment and processes). Pfeffer (2001) stated that implementing high performance working requires major up-front investments including training, more selective recruiting, higher wages and so forth. The technology, the structure of the organization, people and processes all work together to gain an advantage in the competitive market. When technology changes and the functional areas of the business like transportation, communication and manufacturing are being changed, the Human Resource Management must ensure that the organization has right and talented people who are able to meet the challenges of changes. While an organization implements and maintain high performance working system, it may have to develop effective training programs, recruiting people for specific skills and encouraging organizational learning and teamwork (Noe, Hollenbeck and Gerhert, 2003).         Several organizational outcomes including higher productivity, increased profitability, lower costs, better responsiveness to customer and greater flexibility are the results of high performance working. Implementing high performance working has become a difficult task because it cannot easily be copied from other organizations and there must be good deal of better partnering among executives, line managers, HR professionals, union representatives and employees (Bohlander and Snell, 2009).         High performance working is a system of working that promises an increase of around 20 percent in the productivity if staffs are motivated, involved and offered autonomy (Research Forum, 2006). High Performance working generally includes selective hiring, extensive training, pay based on performance, workplace empowerment and sharing of organizational knowledge (Yalabik and Chen, 2008). Features of High Performance working and its specific triggers         Even though there no hard rule about what comprises of High Performance Working, most organizations and Human Resource management perceive that following are the common practices of High Performance working. Employment security and selective hiring Extensive training and knowledge sharing Self managed teams and decentralized decision making Reduced status distinction between managers, and Transformational leadership (Dessler and Varkkey, 2009) One of the main triggers of high performance working is the market problems. Fierce competition in the market and organizational disparities among counterparts play vital role in encouraging organizations to implement high performance working. During the early 1980s, when Canon and Xerox went head on head in the copier markets, Xerox introduced the practice of High Performance working to face the competition and to beat the counterpart (Ashton and Sung, 2002).         Introduction of the new technologies remains to be another trigger for the implementation of high performance working system. OECD researches have shown that foreign ownership has also linked to the use high performance working and its wide acceptability throughout the organizations worldwide and especially in the United States (Ashaton and Sung, 2002). The market fluctuations, introduction of newer technologies and economic changes are the main triggers of High Performance working. The role of employee responses         The employees play mediating role in the high performance working system. The literatures show that High Performance Working is linked to a number of employee practices and employee responses (Macky and Boxall, 2007, Boxall and Macky,2009). Employees are often placed as the central to mediating the outcomes that an organization experiences due to high performance working.         The High Performance Working is directly influencing the performance of employees as it helps increase their productivity and by developing their interpersonal skills and abilities. Employees are highly motivated in an organization that functions with system of High Performance Working and these employees are provided of greater opportunities to make use of their knowledge, experiences and skills.         In an organization that works as High Performance System employee capability is being set upper limit of performance, motivation is directly impacting the degree to which this capability is turned in to an action and opportunities are enhanced as venue for them to express their skills Macky and Boxall (2007). Basic Elements of High Performance Working         Human Resource Management plays significant role in implementing various elements of High Performance working like organizational structure, design, selection and training of people, reward system and learning organization. As there are pressures for performance in a very dynamic and competitive environment, human resource managers seem to gravitate toward improving the efficiency of existing organizations structure by implementing new strategies that help gain competitive advantages (Ashkenas and Ulrich, 2002). Noe, Hollenbeck and Gerhert (2003) identified the following elements of High Performance Working. Organizational Structure         The structure of an organization is the way it combines its people in to useful groups, departments and reporting relationship (Noe and Hollenbeck, 2003). A better designed organizational structure will be highly effective to promote the working of various management groups. The top management within an organization decides the total design and levels of managements like how many employees should be there under a particular supervisor. Task Design         Task design is the way the necessary activities of an organization are grouped. Task design makes the tasks to be done efficient and it encourages quality in the operation (Noe and Hollenbeck, 2003). Right People         Selecting right people is the very critical aspect of Human Resource Management. People being selected must fit the tasks to be assigned to them. Right people are the very basic and inevitable element of the High Performance System. In designing and developing a high Performance System, the Human Resource Management must put efforts to find qualified and skilled people who will fit the specific requirement of the business. Reward System         Jackson and Hitt (2003) emphasized that reward is the most powerful tool out of all available Human Resource strategies. It is a strategy that not only motivates the employees but ensures increased productivity and employee cooperation as well. Reward system is another important element of High Performance Working, because it serves dual aspects that it directs attention of employees to the most important specific requirements and also it motivates them to put their efforts. Information system         It is the final element of High Performance Working system by which managers have to take decision regarding what kinds of information to be gathered and from what sources it can be collected. The information system determines the scope of information that who can access the information and how can they retrieve organizational knowledge.         An information system of an organization is closely related to knowledge management practice which is the process of enhancing business performance by designing and implementing systems, tools, strategies, process and people so as to create knowledge, share and use it for the further benefits of the organization (Noe, 2002). Conditions that Contribute to High Performance Working         Noe, Hollenbeck and Gerhert (2003) identified certain factors that contribute to the high performance working in an organization. According to him, Teamwork, Knowledge share, incentives, employee empowerment and reward are the main factors that directly influence the High Performance Working. Teamwork         High Performance System will work more effectively in an organization where employees are engaged in team work, cooperation and collaboration. Teamwork is a highly important tool of organizational culture that leads to knowledge share and it thus brings better performance. The teamwork refers to the ability of staffs to work together and their expertise in cooperation by assessing team skills with trust and good communication between them (Austin and Claassen, 2008). Knowledge Share         Knowledge share and knowledge slow between workers helps an organization perform well. An organization in which knowledge is freely transferred between its employees can make better ways to achieve success through the implementation of High Performance Working. According to Rothwell and Sterns (2008), employees can be encouraged by team learning by fostering interaction among older and younger workers. This will enable each employee learn from his or her counterparts and therefore it helps foster knowledge share among the workers. Outcomes of High Performance Working         High Performance Working results higher productivity and increased efficiency and these in turn contribute to higher profits (Noe, Hollenbeck and Gerhert, 2003). An organization with the help of High Performance Working can achieve high product quality, better customer service and customer satisfaction, lower rate of employee turnover and increased employee involvement and cooperation (Luthans, 2005).         Gephart and Buren (2002) hold the view that all the companies with high performance may not pursue the same business strategies. Some business may go for low cost or customer services, while others rely on innovation, speed and so forth. A company with High Performance Strategy may give greater emphasis on highly skilled and knowledgeable or experienced employees, customer satisfaction and reliable products and services.         A survey conducted in 1993 by Center for Effective Organization has proved that companies that used employee involvement and High Performance Working had substantially higher levels of financial success than those companies that didnt use same strategies. Companies that increasingly used High Performance Working excelled at return on sales return assets and return on investments as well (Gephart and Buren, 2002).         According to survey conducted by Sloan Foundation, companies with high performance working in the steel industry have been found that those companies had 7 % higher productivity, 13 % increased product quality and better service quality than those companies with less High Performance Working system (Gephart and Buren, 2002). It is obvious that High Performance Working helps organizations increase the employee productivity, motivate employees, achieve high product and service quality and gain customer satisfaction and so on. Workplace Learning for High Performance Working         Ashton and Sung (2002) argued that the use of workplace as a learning experience has been transformed over recent years. There are three main reasons for this. First is the growth of Knowledge economy, second is the impact of new economy and information and communication technology and the third is the increased use of High Performance Working system. Organizational learning has become a significant part of High Performance Working system.         As stated earlier, one of the important elements of High Performance Working is Information system. It is not only the system of how information is stored or made use of it, but, it denotes the comprehensive practices involved in making the workplace a learning atmosphere as well. It can be well connected with knowledge management practices.         The spread of High Performance Working has created more opportunities within employees to learn and develop themselves, to improve their skills and not just as in the professional or craft occupations (Ashton and Sung, 2002). The case of IBM: An organizational Learning example         IBM Corporation is a multinational computer technology corporation that has succeeded in its business pathway through a number of marketing and Human Resource strategies. IBM remains to be an illuminating example for making its workplace a knowledge creating environment and learning experience. Being an organizational learning example, IBM has implemented a strategy for High Performance Working that makes people, process and technology more adjusted to the changing environment.         The organizational learning of IBM is basically a customer-driven strategy which has been considered to be effective as it can enable the company adapt to the environmental, cultural and other changes. From the words of Ted Hoff, the vice president of the organizational learning system, IBM has a very special heritage and commitment to learning. This culture is ingrained in all the senior executives. The IBM senior management expects always conducting learning and they are going to develop employees by developing new ideas (Sosbe, 2003).         When IBM was under the direction of Vincent Learson, he started conducting serious conversation with senior level management in order to find most effective strategies. Based on situation analysis and future market anticipation, a newly appointed committee suggested IBM to implement an organizational learning process by maintaining 360 new line computers only for the use of management and employees. It was the strategic beginning of organizational learning at IBM and it still goes on as strategic movements to achieve high performance working in the organization (Lipshitz, Popper and Friedman, 2006).         IBMs organizational learning can be viewed as a strategic approach for becoming a High Performance Working organization. As discussed by Ashton and Sung (2002), organizational learning is a step forward to become High Performance Working system in an organization. Organizational learning and its strategies enhance employee learning through various methods and tools like knowledge share, retaining older employees for knowledge transfer etc and these in turn motivate employees to learn and develop their skills. Finding right people for the fit for specific requirements is the very crucial stage in High Performance Working. But, organizational learning is an easy way to find and make use of right people for the right need. Instead of searching people from outside, organizational learning and knowledge management helps organizations get right people from within the employees.         IBM has become one of the renowned computer technology corporations with a very strong market share. IBM has achieved its success through various strategies including organizational learning that helped IBM become High performance working organization. Conclusion and Recommendations         This research work presents the theories and practices of High Performance Working and it analyses various elements of the system. This paper outlines the outcomes of High Performance Working and the case of IBM has been included to describe how organizational learning has been effectively used by IBM so as to make it a High Performance Working organization.         It is very obvious that companies with High Performance Working are found more productive, highly successful in customer satisfaction, improved product and service qualities and so forth than those companies that didnt use High Performance working. Organizations that seek further development in its core competencies and total output must turn their attention towards this growing trend of High Performance working system.
Saturday, January 18, 2020
Elie Wiesel- Night Essay
In one scene taken from the novel Night, Elie Wiesel conveys a powerful experience based on his first arrival at Auschwitz. The beginning of this scene starts off with dialog and this technique is also used much throughout the rest of the scene. The use of this literary technique allows the reader to become submerged within the moment Wiesel is describing. The reader experiences the moment just as Wiesel himself might have experienced it at the time which creates a more suspenseful feeling in the scene. Each sentence of dialog allows the reader to be â€Å"in†the moment because we are gathering pieces of the story just as the character is. The reader has become the character in their mind and this allows the situations and emotions that the actual character experiences to affect the reader on a much deeper and personal level. The author does not use a great deal of descriptive imagery either. We are shown more of the characters inner conflict rather than a detailed depiction of the setting itself. This further reinforces the fact that the reader is in a sense going through these conflicts with the character. It is much more effective to convey the horrors of the concentration camp through the emotions of the character rather than actually give a descriptive setting. For example, when Wiesel writes, â€Å"Not far from us, flames were leaping up from a ditch . . . I saw it with my own eyes . . . those children in the flames.†(P30) You would think that the author would describe more in depth, the horror being witnessed, but instead he uses the character’s reaction to this scene to portray the nightmare. â€Å"I pinched my face. Was I still alive? Was I awake? I could not believe it. How could it be possible for them to burn people, children and for the world to keep silent? No, none of this could be true. It was a nightmare.†(P30) We experience the character’s feelings as if they were our own, because the author has already established a base from the dialog that connects us more deeply to the story. The inner conflict of the character toward the end of the scene though, when he seems certain he is going to be burned in the crematory, holds the greatest preponderance of any other part of the scene. The character is waiting for his death, and as he draws nearer to his demise his inner thoughts are broken up by the systematic rhythm of his final steps. The author is using the repetition of his steps to build suspense. At each step, layer upon layer of tension is added. The reader leans further to the edge of their seat if you will, holding their breath as the moment of truth draws nearer and nearer until a mere two steps away from certain death, the character is pulled out of harms way and directed to the concentration camp barracks. Yes, the imminent danger of death has passed, but the reader has now come to realize the hopelessness of being captive in what William Styron referred to in his essay â€Å"Hell reconsidered,†as basically hell on earth, otherwise known as Au schwitz. At the conclusion of the scene Wiesel uses parallelism of the sentence structure, â€Å"Never shall I . . . ,†and then continues on to list all of the atrocities that still haunt the character to this day. Each line stated is like another blow to the characters and the reader’s emotions. Again, the danger of certain death had passed, and we know that he survived the nightmare, but now all of these things are forever etched inside the characters being. â€Å"Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke . . . Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever . . . Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust.†(P32) He physically may have survived, but has his soul? The author’s effective use of dialog, parallelism, and a detailed description of the characters inner conflict allows the reader to become so connected to the character themselves, that this ending point of the scene leaves us with such an utter sense of what the character actually experienced, that the power of the scene quite literally leaves one speechless. Through the use of all of these things the author clearly delivers a most compelling and powerful scene.
Friday, January 10, 2020
The Battle Over Coalition Application Essay Topics and How to Win It
The Battle Over Coalition Application Essay Topics and How to Win It Understanding Coalition Application Essay Topics Make certain it reflects all your abilities and ambitions, and show how your chosen program will allow you to achieve future targets. The Coalition Application gives every student a chance to write an outstanding paper. Work with your students to assist them with this important part of their application. Let's strategize so that you can stick out from the crowd! Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Stephen's essay is rather effective. In the event the school calls for a supplemental essay past the frequent application essay, the deadline is typically the same as for the remainder of the application, but the student may want to follow along with another procedure to submit it, since she must guarantee that it reaches just 1 college or university. In each workshop, students will take part in innovative activities in little groups. In case the student should apply or reapply to distinct schools, she can have that information sent again as opposed to needing to request a repeat letter of recommendation. Therefore, many students and employees decide to acquire cheap essay rather than writing it themselves. Careful diversity management alongside steps to prevent an excessive amount of conflict and make sure it remains at a wholesome level are necessary to be sure the team members are can work cohesively and productively consequently. Members test the waters to establish what kinds of behaviors are acceptable. To fight the current, you have to strive for true understanding, not only a number. Hibernating and individual statements supply the scholarship. All About Coalition Application Essay Topics Writing supplement is going to be a myriad. The essay is easily the most important portion of a university appllication see sample essays ideal for applying to schools in the us. General Essay Prompts Sometimes a school doesn't offer you a prompt whatsoever, only informing you which you want to submit a personal statement as a portion of your application package. You don't only want to write a couple of essays all on the subject of your work with Model UN. As you settle on which application platform you wish to useand which application prompts you need to address, you need to think about whether it is possible to say what you would like to say in 550 words or fewer. One of the benefits of using a standard application is that students don't need to repeatedly fill out paperwork. If you believe it can make the entire process more convenient and easier for you, don't hesitate to attempt it. In the application alternatives. When you come back to your text, you will discover plenty of issues to correct. The most frequently encountered paper writing service that the majority of our clients require is essay writing. Exportation areas perhaps enjoy dedicated searching for the typical application essay. The actual folks highly praise our essay help site. To get essay online, you merely will need to fill in the application form and you'll get superior work on the desired topic. You can depend on the very best essay help online. Even then you're unable to discover the informative and accurate details. More information concerning the Coalition Application, including tutorial videos that tell you the best way to navigate its interface, can be located on theirwebsite. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Coalition Application Essay Topics In the event the matter is personal, that's simple to do. Just ensure that it is something which you require, not just something that you want in the brief term. Don't neglect to explain why the predicament is significant to you! It is that most people haven't a clue what math really is.
Wednesday, January 1, 2020
Francess Kargbo. Mr. Bond-Theriault. 2Nd Period. 22 March
Francess Kargbo Mr. Bond-Theriault 2nd period 22 March 2017 1984 By: George Orwell From a new historicism , and psychoanalytic criticism view. â€Å"Big Brother is Watching You†As the future nears, most of humanity is starting to realize that â€Å"2+2=5†(. There is manipulation that occurs constructed by the government to control every aspect of reality, technology taking human jobs, those who control the present write history, social hierarchy, and wars that have no purpose. 1984 by Eric Arthur Blair is known by his pen name, George Orwell may not have just been a postmodernism science fiction novel, but even a warning from his disillusionment present and Orwell’s fear of it’s coming in the future. George Orwell used his gift of†¦show more content†¦That too was a gesture belonging to the ancient time. Winston woke up from his dream with the word â€Å"Shakespeare†on his lips†(Orwell pg 31) In Winston s dream it was the meaning of the gesture that attracted him representing human potential her throwing away her clothes symbolized the chains that condemned them to the Party and Big Brother. This reflects Orwellâ €™s loneliness for all these years and the dreams were his salvation and through them he didn t feel lonely anymore. In a repressed society such as Oceania dreams seemed were the only private thing Winston could hold on to. Anything expressed to paint Oceania in a bad light would be wiped out of existence. Privacy was non-existent from the telescreen, to the kid spies, to neighbors watching neighbors depriving them of to basic rights and instilling fear to gain obedience. â€Å"The terror refereed to here is the terror inherent in the totalitarian society, the terror we have seen manifested to its full in Hitler’s Germany, Stalin’s Russia, Mao’s China, and Pol Pot’s Kampuchea, to mention only some of the hells of the last 50 years of this bloodstained century.†(The New Barbarians: Totalitarianism, Terror and the Left Intelligentsia in Orwell’s 1984). Shakespeare may have been the very
Tuesday, December 24, 2019
Why is The Jungleby Upton Sinclair Considered a Primary...
Primary sources are used by people who have experienced specific events in their lives. They allow a reader to connect to them on a more relatable basis. Primary sources are also very reliable because the author of a book or newspaper article, for example, was actually there. So they have all the evidence they need for what is being documented. The Jungle, by Upton Sinclair, is a primary source because Jurgis actually went through the hard labor conditions that occurred in the Progressive Era (1900-1916). The Jungle puts a face to the issues of grueling work hours, poor working conditions, unbearable living arrangements, exploitation of the poor, and uneducated working class. Issues of Industrial Democracy, child labor, and the minimum wage became so important to Americans during this period. This Era saw a change in some of the main reasons that controlled American individualism after the unrestrained years of the late 19th century; arguments over labor, social conflict, and unstabl e economy. With the growth of industry in the United States, the population of cities began to grow substantially (Tovanche Lecture). They started providing job opportunities in factories, offices, and other places as well. The cities became the main center of wealth and also poverty. A huge class of the impoverished lived in slums. Some even lived underground in the sewers, and a huge percentage of the poor came from newly arrived immigrants who were coming to America in large numbers from poor
Monday, December 16, 2019
Are you ready boots Free Essays
You Ready Boots is a short story about an English girl called Lulu and her black leather boots. The story begins in New York where Lulu, her good pal Spencer and another freind are on a four day trip. On a shoe sale she finds these marvellous boots that makes her feel fantastic, and she buys them. We will write a custom essay sample on Are you ready boots or any similar topic only for you Order Now When shes back in England she can’t bear to wear them bacause they were so expensive. Until one night six month later when she’s going out with Spencer and he encourages her to wear them. She does, and that night she meets a very handsome man called Charlie. After a while she walks straight to him (in her boots), talks with him, and she ends up with dating him. They become lovers and he seems to be the â€Å"perfect†man. Only Spencer disapproves their relationship. After a while Charlie proposes and she accepts. The same night she decides to wear the same dress, including the boots, as the day the met. But then Charlie says that he hates the boots and he asks her to take them off. Then she looks at her great boots, makes a decision and leaves†¦ The main character is a woman called Lulu. I think she might be in the twenties because she’s old enough to gets married and young enough to go out and get drunk with her freinds. She lives in England, and she seems to be like a typical city girl who likes shopping, going out with freinds and so on. She may be a little upper class for example bacause she drinks champagne when she’s going out, but still she’s not like a real richie, because of the way she’s ashamed of the price of the boots and how she’s very impressed of Charlie’s Porsche. It also confirms my feeling of Lulu as a girl ho likes the â€Å"wealthy feeling†and that is also the reason that she in the beginning buys the boots even though they are too expensive. This leads to another of Lulu’s traits; that she’s pretty conscious about the way she looks, and others looks. When she finally takes courage to talk with Charlie for the first time, she’s sure that it’s because of the boots – she finds self-confidence in material things like the expensive boots. It’s also notable how much of the text that the description of the boots and her thoughts about them fills. As well as the descriptions of Charlie’s handsome look s described a lot of times. I think she’s typical young and modern woman who likes a lot of â€Å"normal†things. The way she doesn’t sees â€Å"the real†Charlie for such a long time, do I interpret as some kind of desperation sign. If she’s in the late twenties many of her freinds may have really had a boyfreind†). Nobody wants to be the lonely old maid, when their freinds become parents and so on†¦ Two men have important roles in the story: Lulu’s good pal Spencer and Charlie who becomes her boyfreind. Spencer is like a real freind who takes her out for fun, who orries about her and I think that he knows her very well. He is with her in New York when she buys the boots and he is the one who tells her his actual opinion about Lulu and Charlie’s releationship. At first she doesn’t wants to listen to him, but she can’t Just forgets what he said which shows us that she normally listens to Spencer’s opinions. And in the end it’s also like his the one who’s proved right. Charlie is a totally different kind of man. He is not spontaneous funny like Spencer is – in fact I dont think he’s spontaneous at all (or funny). But he walks straight in to Lulu’s life, at a point when I think she needs a man. He’s very good looking, seems to be the perfect man and Lulu is flattered because of the way he for example always remembers to call her. Her love for this man is not described anywhere in the text and it’s tempting to doubt that she actually never loved him.. Fundamentally I dont think that you should Judge people’s choices of clothes because you should be allowed to wear what ever you want to. But it is not always possible to escape if people ask you directly what you think of this and that- which girl freinds often do. And in such a situation I think that the only right thing to do is to tell the truth. But I still think that the whole truth may be a little too hard sometimes. And then it’s okay to tell a tiny little lie. But there are cases where it’s the best to tell the hard truth to kind of prepare the person you are talking with, bacause you can see that if you dont say anything other people, and maybe strangers, will do and that’s a lot worse. So to what extent it is okay to Judge depends on the situation, how close you are to the person you are Judging and how â€Å"necessary’ the Judgement is. How to cite Are you ready boots, Papers
Sunday, December 8, 2019
Contemporary Society Classless Society Continue to Circulate
Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Society for Classless Society Continue to Circulate. Answer: Australia has historically prided itself on being a classless society. However, the issue of intergenerational mobility, i.e. the extent to which parents education, occupation or income determines and shapes their children has been undergoing dynamic changes. This also has an influence on Australian societal structure. In Australia, the intergenerational wealth is been transferred at a relatively fixed rate combined with a slow rate of intergenerational earnings elasticity that poses serious questions to the Australians own mythology of being classless society (Nadel and Frederick 2013). The essay, therefore, discusses how the myth of Australia being a classless society continues to circulate. With a little exploring and analysis, it can be firmly stated that Australia is not a classless society; or at least, not as classless as positioned by various historians, scholars or politicians. The idea that Australia is a classless society is a complete myth that many Australians still cling to, however, the reality is that such ideas were just propaganda and Australia is still far away from being a utopian society. Historically, Australian society has been suffered from the problems of class struggle in the form of aboriginals and settlers (Holmes et al. 2014). However, the real problems of class struggle become evident with the advent of industrial revolution. During that period, the society was divided in mainly two classes i.e. working class and the owners. Since the period of industrial revolution until today the ownership of factors of production are controlled by a relatively small ruling class that takes decision for the masses and exercise power over them. Therefore, to believe that Australia is a classless society by any means is denying these facts. Moreover, Australia has mixed economy that implies capitalist mode of production and concentration of wealth, thereby presence of different class within the society (Black and Donald 2014). The majority of Australian society can be broadly divided in three major classes the top 10% that constitutes politicians, entrepreneurs, businesspersons that controls the factors of production and power. Then comes the bottom 20% of the society and they are practically invisible in the luminal crack of long-term employment, lack access to the basic needs, and are marginalized akin to vast bulk of indigenous Australians. The third class is the middle class that owns some factors of production and have access to the minimum infrastructure. The middle class is the biggest social class in the Australia and is further sub-divided in various categories (Winton and Tim 2014). The egalitarian self-image that Australia has so long presented itself has made the society that they are all equal and there exists no class system in Australia, but in reality, this belief has just made the discussion on class related issues impossible and in the process has given rise to even greater divide among the society. According to United Nations Development Program, during the period 1990s and 2000s, wealth of top fifth earners grew four times faster than the bottom fifth. This proves that Australian egalitarian society is just a myth and inequality is growing (Zyngier and David 2015). Taking a cue from the intergenerational mobility, it can be seen that the transfer of wealth from one generation to another is relatively fixed and also the rate of intergenerational earning elasticity is poor. That implies that the factors of production, economic and social power, access to basic infrastructure are not freely available to all members of the society. The people belonging to bottom of the social pyramid are constantly denied access to various infrastructure and other important resources and as a result are struck in the bottom generation after generation (Harris and Carroll 2015). In addition, presence of different classes within the Australian society has always been there and one can track the same throughout the Australian history. However, the contemporary perception that class system does not exists and does not affect the Australian people is based partially on egalitarian dream and partly due to the economic transformation that began in mid 1980s. These factors had determining role on shaping the societal structure and helped in distributing factors of production and other resources more freely. However, it did not eliminated the class structure within the society but just made the people think that they live in equitable society where everyone is free to chose what is right from them and all members of the society have equal rights over the resources of the country. However, at the same time, income inequality grew at a rapid pace at this time but people become more contended of the fact that the market has been deregulated and tolerance for inequality grew much stronger. Further, with the increasing socio-economic divide resulted in formation of different classes that has always been present within the Australian society (Thornton and Margaret 2012). According to one study by Australian National University economist Dr. Andrew Leigh, the salary of a CEO in top 50 company was 27 times more than the national average in the 90s, however, a decade later it became 98 times more. This clearly indicates the increasing concentration of wealth in the hands of few at the upper segment of the social class pyramid. Moreover, one in every three adult Australian receives some sort of government income support (Harris and Carroll 2015). Apart from that many non-governmental organization such as Salvos, The Smith Family, Oxfam, and the like are in their effort to diminish the gap between different classes make enormous contribution. Taking an example of Sleepbus, a nongovernmental organization that provides shelter and sleeping solutions for people who sleep rough and are homeless. According to the NGO, on any given night in Australia, 105,000 people are homeless and are bound to sleep on streets (Sleepbus.org 2016). Therefore, how it can be sai d that Australian society is devoid of class and everybody is equal, but choosing to deny the presence of class in the Australian society has made our perception of structural inequalities more superficial (Thornton and Margaret 2012). The class gap has become so prominent that it affects all aspects of the life but still unperceivable. Examples of class inequality are rampant in the society. Although, there are equal opportunities for every individual, the privilege gap segregating the rich private schools, hospitals, etc. that are well equipped, well organized and organized as compared to the poorly run public institutions in itself tells a different story (Murray et al. 2012). Moreover, moving ahead and breaking the societal class has been difficult due to the massive control over the countries resources by a handful section of the society. The intergenerational mobility proves that the social and economic status have relatively remained the same, generation after generation and that has played a determining role in the emergence of class. Moreover, class system has grown so much over the community that Australians have become accustomed to their respective class and show little resistance. The class system has become embedded in the Australian structure, however, the recent recession in the economy has revealed the true nature of the society and people are becoming aware of their socio economic status and have started to question established norms and social structure (Wise and Nathan 2012). From the above discussion, it can be concluded that how Australia in spite of being a class based society has been able to present itself as a classless society. The scholars, political leaders and people in power for their own benefits have circulated the myth that Australia is a classless society; fuelled by the ideology and dream of becoming an egalitarian society. However, the truth is far from that and class based society and inter class struggle is a reality. The massive inequality concerning to social and economic status, ownership of factors of production and intergenerational mobility further indicates the presence of class based inequality and government needs to take proper measures to eliminate such inequalities. References Black, Donald, ed.Toward a general theory of social control: Fundamentals. Vol. 1. Academic Press, 2014. Harris, Lauren Carroll. "Kangaroo and the'Lie of Australian Classlessness'."Kill Your Darlings24 (2015): 130. "Home - Sleepbus". 2016. Sleepbus.Org. https://www.sleepbus.org/. Holmes, David, Kate Hughes, and Roberta Julian.Australian sociology. Pearson Australia, 2014. Murray, Georgina, and Jenny Chesters. "Economic wealth and political power in Australia, 1788-2010."LABOUR HISTORY A Journal of Labour and Social History103 (2012): 1-16. Nadel, Siegfried Frederick.The theory of social structure. Routledge, 2013. Thornton, Margaret. "The elusiveness of class discrimination."Legaldate24, no. 3 (2012): 7. Winton, Tim. "The C word: some thoughts about class in Australia."Monthly, TheDec 2013-Jan 2014 (2013): 24. Wise, Nathan. "The Myth of Classlessness in the Australian Imperial Force."Australian Historical Studies43, no. 2 (2012): 287-302. Zyngier, David. "Living on the edge: rethinking poverty, class and schooling." (2015).
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